Studies on the Synergistic Interplay of Vitamin D and K for Improving Bone and Cardiovascular Health. Keywords:īone Health Cardiovascular Health Synergistic Association Vitamin D Vitamin K Further research and clinical trials on these Vitamins in different age groups and disease conditions are warranted. Out of a total 12 studies, 11 studies showed that Vitamin D work in synergy with Vitamin K and also has a significant role in improving bone fractures, low BMD, and cardiovascular disorders. In contrast, improvement in cardiovascular health was recorded based on the Carotid Intima-media Thickness (CIMT), arterial stiffness, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the structure of the heart. The results were interpreted based on improved bone health by assessing the progress in Bone Mineral Content (BMC), lower extremity function, Bone Mineral Density (BMD), and bone turnover. Among these, 5 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were observational studies, and 1 was interventional studies.
Overall, 12 studies involving 8216 participants were included in the qualitative analysis. The search was restricted to the English language, conducted, and published between 20. A structured search of two databases-PubMed and Google Scholar-was carried out, and articles were identified that focused upon the dual supplementation of Vitamin D and K, which has been shown to improve bone and cardiovascular health among users. The methodology followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.
This study aims to qualitatively review the information that is currently available upon the synergistic effects of co-supplementing Vitamin D and K on bone and cardiovascular health among various age groups. Combining nutrients having a synergistic effect may help in lowering the threat of cardiovascular ailment, osteoporosis, and other health issues.
These interactions need to be critically analysed and acknowledged to harness their positive health benefits. The nature of interactions between nutrients can be synergistic, which brings about maximum benefit to the host, or antagonistic, i.e., one nutrient affects the uptake and availability of other nutrients in the body. Nutrients perform their roles either directly or through interaction with other nutrients inside our body.
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